Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
What Is It?
Blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly in the leg. Causes leg pain, swelling, warmth, and redness. Risk factors: immobility, surgery, cancer, thrombophilia, oral contraceptives.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Wells score pre-test probability. D-dimer (if low probability). Venous duplex ultrasound (gold standard). CT venography for pelvic/iliac veins.
How Is It Treated?
Anticoagulation: direct oral anticoagulants (apixaban, rivaroxaban) first-line. LMWH bridge to warfarin if DOAC not appropriate. Duration: 3 months for provoked, 6-12 months+ for unprovoked. Compression stockings.
Tests and Imaging Typically Needed
CBC, BMP, PT/INR, D-dimer, venous duplex ultrasound, thrombophilia workup if unprovoked.
Approximate Self-Pay Costs
Office visit: $95-$150. D-dimer: $25-$50. Venous ultrasound: $200-$400. DOACs: $400-$500/month (GoodRx coupons available).