Lactose Intolerance
What Is It?
Inability to digest lactose (milk sugar) due to lactase enzyme deficiency, causing GI symptoms (bloating, cramping, diarrhea, gas) after dairy consumption. Very common - affects 65% of adults worldwide.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Clinical history and dietary trial. Hydrogen breath test (gold standard). Lactose tolerance test (blood glucose). Avoid extensive testing in typical presentations.
How Is It Treated?
Reduced dairy intake or lactase enzyme supplements (Lactaid) before dairy. Hard aged cheeses and yogurt tolerated by most. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation to prevent deficiency.
Tests and Imaging Typically Needed
Clinical diagnosis in most cases. Hydrogen breath test if uncertain. Vitamin D, calcium levels. Celiac panel if GI symptoms overlap.
Approximate Self-Pay Costs
Office visit: $95-$150. Hydrogen breath test: $100-$200. Lactase supplements: $10-$20/month.