Chronic Liver Disease / Cirrhosis
What Is It?
Progressive hepatic fibrosis leading to cirrhosis from any chronic liver insult (alcohol, NAFLD, viral hepatitis, autoimmune). Complications: ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, HCC.
How Is It Diagnosed?
LFTs (often elevated transaminases), low albumin, elevated INR. Liver ultrasound. FibroScan or liver biopsy for staging. Evaluate for complications.
How Is It Treated?
Treat underlying cause. Sodium-restricted diet. Diuretics (spironolactone, furosemide) for ascites. Beta-blockers for varices. Lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy. Liver transplant evaluation for decompensated cirrhosis.
Tests and Imaging Typically Needed
LFTs, albumin, total protein, PT/INR, CBC, BMP, AFP (HCC screening), hepatitis serology, liver ultrasound every 6 months for HCC surveillance.
Approximate Self-Pay Costs
Office visit: $95-$150. Labs: $60-$120. Liver ultrasound: $200-$400. GI/hepatology referral required.