Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
What Is It?
Leading cause of vision loss in adults 50 years and older. Dry AMD (drusen, RPE atrophy) is most common. Wet AMD (choroidal neovascularization) causes rapid central vision loss.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Dilated fundus exam by ophthalmologist. OCT (optical coherence tomography) for retinal layers. Amsler grid for self-monitoring. Fluorescein angiography for wet AMD diagnosis.
How Is It Treated?
Dry AMD: AREDS2 supplements (vitamins C, E, zinc, lutein/zeaxanthin) slow progression in intermediate-advanced dry AMD. No treatment for early dry AMD. Wet AMD: anti-VEGF intravitreal injections (ranibizumab, aflibercept, bevacizumab) preserve and improve vision.
Tests and Imaging Typically Needed
Dilated fundus exam, OCT, Amsler grid, visual acuity testing, fluorescein angiography for wet AMD.
Approximate Self-Pay Costs
Office visit: $95-$150. Ophthalmology exam: $150-$300. Anti-VEGF injections: $1,000-$2,000 each (multiple per year). AREDS2 supplements: $20-$40/month.