Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
What Is It?
The most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. Characterized by androgen excess, irregular periods, and polycystic ovaries. Associated with insulin resistance and metabolic complications.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Rotterdam criteria (2 of 3): oligoovulation/anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Exclude thyroid disease, hyperprolactinemia, CAH.
How Is It Treated?
OCP for cycle regulation and androgen excess. Metformin for insulin resistance. Weight loss improves all features. Spironolactone for hirsutism. Clomiphene or letrozole for ovulation induction.
Tests and Imaging Typically Needed
Total and free testosterone, DHEAS, LH, FSH, AMH, TSH, prolactin, HbA1c, fasting glucose, lipid panel, pelvic ultrasound.
Approximate Self-Pay Costs
Office visit: $95-$150. Hormone panel: $80-$150. Pelvic ultrasound: $150-$300. OCP: $5-$30/month.