Pneumonia
What Is It?
Infection of the lung parenchyma caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Presents with fever, productive cough, dyspnea, and pleuritic chest pain. Can be community-acquired or healthcare-associated.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Chest X-ray (infiltrate or consolidation), sputum culture, CBC, BMP, procalcitonin, blood cultures if severe. CURB-65 score for hospitalization decision.
How Is It Treated?
Outpatient: azithromycin or doxycycline for community-acquired pneumonia. Amoxicillin-clavulanate + macrolide for comorbid patients. Hospital admission for severe cases.
Tests and Imaging Typically Needed
Chest X-ray, CBC, BMP, procalcitonin, sputum culture, blood cultures, Legionella and pneumococcal urinary antigens if severe.
Approximate Self-Pay Costs
Office visit: $95-$150. Chest X-ray: $100-$200. Sputum culture: $40-$80. Antibiotic course: $15-$80.