Pneumonia

What Is It?

Infection of the lung parenchyma caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Presents with fever, productive cough, dyspnea, and pleuritic chest pain. Can be community-acquired or healthcare-associated.

How Is It Diagnosed?

Chest X-ray (infiltrate or consolidation), sputum culture, CBC, BMP, procalcitonin, blood cultures if severe. CURB-65 score for hospitalization decision.

How Is It Treated?

Outpatient: azithromycin or doxycycline for community-acquired pneumonia. Amoxicillin-clavulanate + macrolide for comorbid patients. Hospital admission for severe cases.

Tests and Imaging Typically Needed

Chest X-ray, CBC, BMP, procalcitonin, sputum culture, blood cultures, Legionella and pneumococcal urinary antigens if severe.

Approximate Self-Pay Costs

Office visit: $95-$150. Chest X-ray: $100-$200. Sputum culture: $40-$80. Antibiotic course: $15-$80.

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