Sleep Apnea (Obstructive)
What Is It?
Repetitive upper airway obstruction during sleep causing apneas, hypopneas, oxygen desaturation, and fragmented sleep. Causes daytime sleepiness and increases cardiovascular risk.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Home sleep apnea test (HSAT) for most patients. In-lab polysomnography for complex cases. ESS and STOP-BANG questionnaire for risk stratification.
How Is It Treated?
CPAP therapy is first-line. Weight loss, positional therapy, mandibular advancement device for mild cases. Surgery for anatomical obstruction.
Tests and Imaging Typically Needed
Home sleep apnea test or polysomnography, ESS questionnaire, CBC, TSH, glucose.
Approximate Self-Pay Costs
Office visit: $95-$150. Home sleep test: $150-$350. In-lab PSG: $800-$2,500. CPAP machine: $300-$800 (often covered by insurance).